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THE SAUDI GHUTRA.
Term Paper ID:30859
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Essay Subject:
History of the headdress of Saudi males.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
6 sources, 9 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
History of the headdress of Saudi males. Selection of clothing and accessories of Saudi men shaped by a history of adherence to traditional values, customs and norms. Use of head coverups for protection from extreme heat and cold. Ghutra as a symbol of the heritage of the Saudi. Describes the headdress.
Paper Introduction:
The Saudi Ghutra
For Saudi Arabian males, the selection of clothing and accessories is very much shaped by a long and rich history in which adherence to traditional values, customs, and norms is prominent (Ross, 1981). Saudi males wear a multi-part headdress or head covering that can be dated to Persian antecedents observed as early as 700 B.C. and employing soft materials able to provide protection to the head and face from climatic vicissitudes.
Ryder (The functional history of clothing – 1, 2000) has pointed out that there are two different strategies available to protect people against the effects of heat in tropical or desert climates. One is to wear as little as possible as is the case with the Dinkas of the Sudan. The alternative approach is to wear multiple layers of
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AVICENNA.
Term Paper ID:30763
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Essay Subject:
Examines the work of the Iranian-Islamic phyisican and philosopher.... More...
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14 Pages / 3150 Words
5 sources, 18 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines the work of the Iranian-Islamic physican and philosopher. His life and accomplishments in 10th-11th Century Iran. His precocious childhood. His early studies. His substantial contributions to medicine, many of which became part of Western practice. The instability of his later life. His place as the finest physician of the classical Arabic world.
Paper Introduction:
Although his name is relatively unknown in the West, Avicenna – or Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah ibn Sina to give him his Arabic name – made substantial contributions to medicine, many of which would find their way into Western practice and remain influential well through the Renaissance and into the first years of the modernist world. This paper examines the work and enduring contributions of this 10th- and 11th-century Iranian Islamic philosopher and physician.
Born near Bukhoro (now in Uzbekistan) as the son of a government official, Avicenna studied medicine and philosophy in his natal town. Because his parents’ house was a meeting place for intellectuals, he was able to profit from the teachings of (and conversations with) masters in many different disciplines. He was surrounded from birth with the learning and the questions of hi
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THE EISENHOWER DOCTRINE.
Term Paper ID:30758
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Essay Subject:
Discussion of the Middle East in the 1950s.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
3 sources, 3 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discussion of the Middle East in the 1950s. Formation of the Baghdad Pact, a military alliance to defend the Middle East. U.S. response to the pact. The Eisenhower Doctrine & its concerns regarding Communist penetration into the Arab world. Details the major poiints of the Doctrine. Economic interests of the U.S. in the area.
Paper Introduction:
The United States in the 1950s worked to draw the Middle Eastern countries into a broader military scheme that would encompass the region as a whole, but this proved impossible as the Arab world was reluctant to enter into such an arrangement. In some areas in the North, the Soviet menace was ever present, and the United States turned her attention in this direction. The Baghdad Pact of 1955 was part of this effort and united in a military alliance three non-Arab countries (Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan), one Arab country (Iraq), and one Western country (Britain). The U.S. did not formally adhere in part out of fear that it would alienate forever the revolutionary regime in Egypt and elsewhere in the Arab world, but American civil and military representatives were active on various committees of the Baghdad Pact organization.
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ARAB TRIBAL REVOLT OF WORLD WAR I.
Term Paper ID:30675
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Essay Subject:
Examines causes of Arab nationalism.... More...
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28 Pages / 6300 Words
12 sources, 62 Citations,
APA Format
$112.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines causes of Arab nationalism. Early Arab reolvts against the Ottomans; the Wahhabi revolt & others. Roots of Arab nationalism; Asabiyya. Ottomanism & self-determination. Muslim nationalism. "Young Turk" movement. Arab reaction to World War I. Allied policy. British alliance with Hussein. "Lawrence of Arabia." Pan-Arabism. Balfour Declaration. Treaties. Creation of the Middle East.
Paper Introduction:
THE ARAB TRIBAL REVOLT OF WORLD WAR I AND ITS RESULT
Introduction
Few topics of study have generated as much heat as Arab nationalism. Few peoples are as poorly understood as today's Arabs. Even deciding who is an Arab or defining what is meant by Arab nationalism can easily get scholars and students into trouble, with both the Arabs and their detractors. Arab feeling is strong, and it is likely to grow stronger in the years ahead. It is also sometimes bitter, due to some of the unhappy experiences of the Arabs in the early twentieth century (Coury, 1998, 24).
The Arabs have not been united since the era of the High Caliphate, if indeed then. Furthermore, they have not ruled themselves from the time the Turks came into the region until quite
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ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT.
Term Paper ID:30629
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Essay Subject:
Discusses the situation in the Mideast.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
5 sources, 6 Citations,
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$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses the situation in the Mideast. Contends that the national rights of Israel and Palestine should be supported by the international community. Recent history of the conflict. Oslo Accords and the peace process. Israeli confiscation of the West Bank. Attitude of Israeli's toward the Palestinians. Argues against U.S. unquestioning support of Israel.
Paper Introduction:
INTRODUCTION:
The majority of Americans have only become aware of the current state of affairs in the Middle East as a result of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon that happened September 11, 2001. And to a great extent, many of them see Israel as an ally of the United States in the war against terrorism, as the Israelis fight the Palestinians. Many believe the Israeli actions are merely a response to "acts of terrorism" by Palestinian suicide bombers.
Unfortunately, this is not the case. The Middle East is still torn by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as it has been since the Balfour Declaration of 1917, and the seven wars that have been fought since 1948. In the aftermath of the Coalition victory against Iraq in 1991, American prestige and influence was
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SAUDI ARABIA AND THE USA.
Term Paper ID:30574
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Essay Subject:
Discusses impact of 9/11 on relations of the two countries.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
10 sources, 24 Citations,
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$36.00
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses impact of 9/11 on relations of the two countries. Common interests. Military threats and security. Role of oil. Background of U.S./ Saudi relations. Geopolitics of Saudi Arabia. The Gulf War. Role of Saudi Arabia in the Islamic world. Desire ot Saudi Arabia to balance power in the Gulf.
Wahhabism. Osama bin Laden.
Paper Introduction:
SAUDI ARABIA AND THE UNITED STATES SINCE STPTEMBER 11, 2001
INTRODUCTION:
The United States has few more important partners in its war against terrorism than the kingdom of Saudi Arabia - the most important oil-producing nation in the world, with twenty-five percent of known world oil reserves. Even more than during the Persian Gulf war when Saudi Arabia was directly threatened by Iraq, this new campaign will test the political, economic and military ties that have made America and Saudi Arabia uneasy allies (New York Times, 2001, 28).
In the most basic terms, the common interests of the two countries boil down to U.S. access to a steady flow of oil in exchange for guaranteed security for Saudi Arabia from external military threats. There is a secondary American interest: over the
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THE POLITICS OF SAUDI ARABIA.
Term Paper ID:30573
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Essay Subject:
Importance of the Saudi leadership to the USA.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
8 sources, 18 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$32.00
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Paper Abstract:
Importance of the Saudi leadership to the USA. Religious and political history of Arabia from 7th through 20th Century. The allegience of the Saudi State to the religious movement of Wahhabi Islam. Connection to al-Saud dynasty to Wahhabi radicalism. Politics of the Saudi royal family. Effect on the world.
Paper Introduction:
SAUDI ARABIA: THE QUESTION OF LEADERSHIP
INTRODUCTION:
Ever since the discovery of massive oil deposits in the Arabian peninsula in the 1930s, the United States has been deeply involved with the politics of Saudi Arabia. That the world's most modern, secular, technological capitalist state would find it difficult to deal with a country that is under the control of an absolute monarchy that is beholden to a version of religion that seeks to maintain a social structure created in the 7th century A.D. means that there will always be tension, and that the question of who runs Saudia Arabia will be of crucial importance to American policy so long as Saudi Arabia sits on twenty-five percent of the world's known oil reserves and the United States does nothing domestically to wean its economy from dependence o
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PERCEPTIONS OF MUSLIMS.
Term Paper ID:30534
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Essay Subject:
Discusses the views of the American public regardingt Middle East Muslims.... More...
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13 Pages / 2925 Words
5 sources, 5 Citations,
APA Format
$52.00
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses the views of the American public regarding Middle East Muslims. Growing media coverage of the area since 9/11. Focuses on a survey of participants expressing their perceptions. Lack of knowledge about Islamic people in the Middle East. Contends that the American media offers a biased perspective of Muslims. Ramifications for American society.
Paper Introduction:
Since the September 11th, 2001 terrorist incident, the American public has been exposed to tremendous media coverage not only about Ground Zero, the terrorists, Osama bin Laden, but also Arabs, Muslims and the Islamic faith in general. Sixteen individuals aged over 21, with varying levels of education and ranging from Grammar School to Doctoral levels, also express their perceptions about Muslims who reside in the Middle East with respect to the September 11th attack.
The first group of participants is professors affiliated with Northwestern University. All six participants of this group have Ph.D. degrees. Although he is not familiar with the practice of Islam in general, Dr. Gregory McGillen believes that Americans’ perception of the Muslims in the Middle East depends on their interest in the Middle East and its people and their
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THE MIDDLE EAST IN CRISIS.
Term Paper ID:30530
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Essay Subject:
Examines violence and tensions of the area in 2001.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
7 sources, 10 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$20.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines violence and tensions of the area in 2001. Israel-Palestinian conflict. Background. The new intifada. Replacement of conflict resolution with crisis management as approach. Distrust on both sides of the conflict. Underlying problems. Uprisings and resistance. Mounting terrorism. Arafat's approach. Peres' approach. Role of the U.S. government. Sense of hopelessness.
Paper Introduction:
THE MIDDLE EAST IN CRISIS:
WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD?
At no time since Israel was proclaimed a sovereign and independent state more than half-a-century ago has the future of the Middle East looked so bleak and deadly. Since new violence erupted last October between Israel on the one hand and the Palestinians on the other, a new intifada has evolved on a sustained basis. Thus, crisis management has replaced conflict resolution as the prevailing approach for dealing with trouble in this chronic hot spot (Simon, 2001, p. 31).
An underlying problem is the Palestinian unwillingness or inability to “abandon … its founding claim … that Palestinians displaced by Israel in 1948 be allowed to return home” (Zakaria 2001 2). Of course, Israel similarly has steadfastly refused to recognize the right
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WOMEN, ISLAM AND IRAN.
Term Paper ID:30465
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Essay Subject:
Discusses Islamic doctrine and the role of women.... More...
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12 Pages / 2700 Words
10 sources, 32 Citations,
APA Format
$48.00
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses Islamic doctrine and the role of women. The Iranian Revolution and the lesser public role for women. Rise of fundamentalists. Pious women and gender-specific ideas of their place in Iranian society. Religious practices. Patriarchal view. Marginalization of women. Iranian women working in government agencies. Emergence of feminism. Shi'ia law and marriage.
Paper Introduction:
Women, Islam and Iran
The Iranian revolution created a government which has been characterized as modern, nationalist, and Islamic-centered and as one which relegates women to a lesser public role and has deprived them of their traditional influence over private family matters (Yaganeh, 1993). Islamic doctrine expressly regards certain matters such as participation in the educational system and family upbringing as women’s work. Islam also posits a major role for women in prayer and in transmitting the religious, moral, and ethical precepts of Islam itself to successive generations.
However, one critic, Nahid Yeganeh (1993) has suggested that women’s status and their rights in the political, familial, and religious spheres have decreased since the Iranian revolution of 1979. T
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SAUDI ARABIA AND EGYPT.
Term Paper ID:30279
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Essay Subject:
Compares and contrasts the two Mideast countries.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
16 sources, 26 Citations,
MLA Format
$40.00
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Paper Abstract:
Compares and contrasts the two Mideast countries. Principal factors or indicators that have shaped the political cultures, political leadership patterns, institutions & policies of Egypt and Saudi Arabia. History. Georgraphical featlures and growth of a Nomadic Bedouin cultures.Theocratic rule & kinship bond produced by Islam. Contemporary political developments.
Paper Introduction:
COUNTRY STUDY -- SAUDI ARABIA AND EGYPT
This research paper describes, compares and contrasts the principal factors (indicators) which have shaped the respective political cultures, dominant political leadership patterns, institutions and policies of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. They include the natural environment, geographical position, religion and economic constraints and potentials.
I. Historical Evolution of Politics and the State (pre-1950)
Throughout its 6,000 year old civilization, Egypt's politics and state structures have been strongly influenced by its climate which yielded a large thinly populated arid area and a densely populated Nile River Valley whose inhabitants have been dependent for their survival on the effects of rainfall and floods.
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BAHRAIN AND EGYPT.
Term Paper ID:30272
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Essay Subject:
Compares and contrasts the two countries.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
10 sources, 18 Citations,
MLA Format
$40.00
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Paper Abstract:
Compares and contrasts the two countries. Describes their political cultures, dominant political leadership patterns and institutions and policies. The natural environment. Geographical position. Religion. Economic constraints and potential. Historical development. Takeover by the British. Modernization. Independence. Economic problems. Role of Nasser & Sadat in Egypt. Bahrain relations with the U.S.
Paper Introduction:
COUNTRY STUDY --BAHRAIN AND EGYPT
This research paper describes, compares and contrasts the principal factors (indicators) which have shaped the respective political cultures, dominant political leadership patterns, institutions and policies of Bahrain and Egypt. They include the natural environment, geographical position, religion and economic constraints and potentials.
I. Historical Evolution of Politics and the State
The natural environment, especially climate, has played a significant role in influencing politics and government in both Bahrain and Egypt over the centuries; however, they were a more decisive factor in Egyptian political history. Bahrain as a culture dates back to the third millennium B.C., whereas Egyptian civilization (one of the oldest in the world) is more than 6,000
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EGYPT AND BAHRAIN.
Term Paper ID:30047
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Essay Subject:
Examines political history of the two Mideast nations.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
10 sources, 20 Citations,
MLA Format
$40.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines political history of the two Mideast nations. Role of geographical position regarding trading routes, accessibility to foreign conquerors. Invasion of Arabs who converted Bahrain to Islam. Influence of Islam in Egypt. Control of Bahrain and Egypt by Great Britain. End of British Colonialism. Productin of oil in Bahrain. Egypt's post World War II political & economic hitory. Foreign policy of both countries.
Paper Introduction:
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
BAHRAIN V.S. EGYPT
History and Politics
The natural environment, especially climate, has played a significant role in influencing politics and government in both Bahrain and Egypt over the centuries; however, they were a more decisive factor in Egyptian political history. Bahrain as a culture dates back to the third millennium B.C., whereas Egyptian civilization (one of the oldest in the world) is more than 6,000 years old. Robison & Greenway commented that Bahrain had "a much more temperate climate 4500 years ago" than it does today (62). The Dilmun Empire in Bahrain was closely connected to the Sumerian religion then practiced in Mesopotamia in which "Bahrain's greenery was central" (Robison & Greenway 64). The
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SASSANIAN EMPIRE.
Term Paper ID:29936
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Essay Subject:
Impact of Kings on rise and fall of Sassanian Empire.... More...
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15 Pages / 3375 Words
11 sources, 26 Citations,
MLA Format
$60.00
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Paper Abstract:
Impact of Kings of rise and fall of Sassanian Empire. Analysis of this wealthy and influential period of Mesopotamian history. Centers on rule of Chosroe I (531-579 A.D.). Centralizatioin of power. Tax reforms. Restructuring military power. Grandeur of Sassanian epire. Background. Reasons for the downfall of Chosroe I (weakening of Empire's military might, Armines of Islam), and its aftermath.
Paper Introduction:
Introduction
One of the least understood and yet most influential periods in Mesopotamian history coincides with the reign of the Sassanian Empire. Named after an ancestral figure, the Sassanian Empire lasted over four hundred years and 40 kings (Marx, p.1). Born out of the ashes of the Parthian Empire, the Sassanian Empire ushered in an era of cultural and economic revival. Harking back to the dominance of generations long gone, the Sassanian Emperors extended their dominion from their base in the Southwest of Iran to Central and even Western Asia. Sasania profited from a period of intensified trade and exchange, and shepherded Iran’s role as a major gateway on the Silk Road that connected the Western world with China. Eventually, however, the wealth of the Empire led to the
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ARAB DEMOCRACY.
Term Paper ID:29822
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Essay Subject:
Analysis of lack of democracy in Arab states.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
6 sources, 21 Citations,
APA Format
$36.00
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Paper Abstract:
Analysis of lack of democracy in Arab states. Importance of the issue of worldwide democracy. Relationship between increased development and increased democracy. Discusses variables that act as barriers. Lack of education, particularly among women. Free speech restrictions. Islamic fundamentalism. Lack of economic diversity. Unwillingness of leaders to change status quo. Arab-Israeli conflict.
Paper Introduction:
Arab Democracy
Explanatory Variables
Introduction
What explains the lack of democracy and underdevelopment in Arab states? There are many explanations for the lack of democracy and underdevelopment in Arab states. However, the main reason for this failure is the mind-set of rulers of Arab states who resist any efforts viewed as a threat to their power. When commenting on the lack of development in the Middle East, political analyst Anthony Cordesman (2001) argues, “A great deal of the explanation lies in the fact that many Middle Eastern states have no enemy greater than their own governments” (3). It is important to understand the reasons for the lack of democracy and underdevelopment in the Middle East because of four primary reasons: 1) The future of
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THE ARAB WORLD.
Term Paper ID:29767
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Essay Subject:
Discusses two books on the subject.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
2 sources, 8 Citations,
APA Format
$40.00
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses two books on the subject. Cultural anthropologist Paul Rabinow's account of his experiences in the field in "Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco." Michael Herb's "All in the Family," an examination of monarchies in the Arabian Gulf states; emphasis on politics. Rule of dynastic monarchies in the Gulf as adaptation of Gulf kingdoms to modern conditions.
Paper Introduction:
The following essay considers two books, which seem outwardly entirely different, except that they both deal with some aspect of the Middle East. Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco, by Paul Rabinow, is a cultural anthropologist's account of his experiences in the field, as distinct from a formal study resulting from fieldwork. All in the Family, by Michael Herb, is an examination of monarchies in the Arabian Gulf states, concerned not with their cultures but with their pragmatic political strengths and the challenges facing them. Both have something to say about the Middle East. Whether they can be regarded in some sense as parts of a dialogue will be considered below. This essay will first set out, independently, the theoretical frameworks and methodologies behind these two books, then examine both for the insights they offer into the subject matte
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WAR ON TERRORISM.
Term Paper ID:29750
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Essay Subject:
Attitudes of Americans after 9/11.... More...
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3 Pages / 675 Words
6 sources, 17 Citations,
APA Format
$12.00
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Paper Abstract:
Attitudes of Americans after 9/11. Examines a sample of ethnically diverse college students in November 2002 toward the attack, and the U.S. War on terrorism, political Islam, pre-emptive attacks on Iraq, Saddam Hussein, Afghanistan and policies implemented by President Bush. Results of study.
Paper Introduction:
Major changes have taken place in the world since September 11, 2001. As many media analysts, scholars, and government officials have all commented, the terrorist attack on the seemingly invulnerable domestic territory of the United States has led the world to the brink of renewed war and the creation of a “War on Terror” that has already made its presence felt (Fuller, 2002).
The purpose of this analysis is to examine the attitudes of a small sample of residents of this country (in November 2002, prior to the U.S. invasion of Iraq) toward the terrorist attack and the resulting decisions of the United States government to pursue the group responsible for the attack and to simultaneously challenge the Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, because of his suspected involvement in terrorist activities and the p
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TURKEY AND THE ARAB WORLD.
Term Paper ID:29679
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Essay Subject:
The role of Islam.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
2 sources, 8 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
The role of Islam. Turkey as an Arab nation with democratic and Western values. History of cooperation with the U.S., Europe and Israel. Conflicts with Iraq and other Arab nations. Modernists versus traditionalists. Status of women, treatment of non-Muslims and other issues. Battle between secularism and religious traditionalists in the Arab world.
Paper Introduction:
Islam
Turkey & The Arab World
There are more than a billion followers of the Islamic faith worldwide. Turkey is one Middle-Eastern country that has adopted many democratic and Western values since the time of its liberal and Western-leaning ruler Ataturk. Unlike other Arab nations in the Middle-East, Turkey enjoys a history of cooperation with Israel, Europe, and the U.S. This reality creates conflict both outside and within the Arab world of the Middle East. Inside the Arab world Turkey is often experiences conflict with its neighbors, especially Iraq and other extremist Arab states. In John Esposito’s Islam: The Straight Path, we see that the modern Arab world is a product of decades of conflict in
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ANCIENT PERSIA.
Term Paper ID:29652
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Essay Subject:
Discusses the region's economic laws and religion.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
2 sources, 9 Citations,
APA Format
$20.00
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses the region's economic laws and religion. The advances civilization of 5th and 6th Century Persia. Persian view of law (Hammurabi), trade and industry. Wealth based on power, not industry. National religion of Zoroastrianism; monotheism. Overrunning of Persia by Arab tribes. Eradication of Persian language and identity. Political and economic milestones in Persia.
Paper Introduction:
ANCIENT PERSIA: ECONOMIC LAWS, RELIGION
The Persia of the 5th and 6th century was an advanced civilization, even as it had been conquered by various forces of the Middle East. It derived its language, which was also advanced for its time, from the ancient Babylonians. In fact, “they adopted the Babylonian cuneiform for their inscriptions and the Aramaic alphabet script for their documents” (Durant 1954 357) It is interesting that, other than laws and government documents, writing was considered “effeminate”, and since most Persian peasants were totally illiterate, enforcement of laws became a subjective thing- feudal barons controlling agriculture and most commerce.
While laws were passed down from Babylon, and Hammurabian laws were considered the laws of the land, “industry was poorly developed in
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GEOPOLITICS OF SAUDI ARABIA.
Term Paper ID:29649
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Essay Subject:
The issue of oil.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
10 sources, 22 Citations,
APA Format
$40.00
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Paper Abstract:
The issue of oil. Balance of resources and the oil market. Political, economic and strategic conditions. Impact of the Gulf War. Threats to oil security. Importance of political stability in the Middle East. Accommodating Western interests. Crisis with Iraq (pre-U.S. invasion). Iranian economy. Israel-Palestinian conflict. Caspian Basin. Cultural and religious factors.
Paper Introduction:
THE GEOPOLITICS OF SAUDI ARABIA: THE ISSUE OF OIL
The geopolitics of Saudi Arabia are inextricably tied up with the fact that twenty-five percent of the known world oil reserves are found within this one country. In the 21st century, energy security could take on new geopolitical meanings if the predicted changes materialize in the balance of resources around the world. A change in trade flows in oil markets is just now starting to emerge that could have serious ramifications to the balance of power in the future. (Fuller; Lesser, 1997, 42-44)
Across the planet, demand for oil is growing. By 2015, China alone may have to import over 5 million barrels per day. Much of that oil will come from the Persian Gulf, a region graced with unrivaled oil reserves, but beset with unresolved interstate conflicts, weapons proliferation, and worsening domestic
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ISLAMIC REGIONS OF THE ARAB WORLD.
Term Paper ID:29618
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Essay Subject:
Examines the forces of Islam tradition.... More...
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14 Pages / 3150 Words
10 sources, 20 Citations,
APA Format
$56.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines the forces of Islam tradition. The five pillars of Islam. Ongoing struggles between tradition and modernity. Impact of globalization and spread of Western and democratic institutions. Different religion-cultural aspects of Islamic society in several Arab regions. Arab nationalism and Arab socialism. Examples of Iran and Turkey.
Paper Introduction:
Islamic scholar John L. Esposito (2000), in Contemporary Islam: Reformation or Revolution?, argues that the 20th century witnessed enormous change with respect to the Islamic world:
The twentieth century has been one of the most dynamic, explosive, and innovative in Islamic history. Within a span of a few centuries Muslim societies have passed from subjugation to European imperialism to national independence, from remnants of medieval empires to modern nation-states, from a transnational but somewhat regionally fixed community to a global community not only of Muslim-majority communities in Africa, the Middle East, and
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THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR OF 1980-1988.
Term Paper ID:29356
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Essay Subject:
Causes of conflict between the two countries.... More...
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14 Pages / 3150 Words
6 sources, 14 Citations,
APA Format
$56.00
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Paper Abstract:
Causes of conflict between the two countries. Alternatives faced by each of the rival powers in the 1980 boundary crisis that led to war. Iraq's decision to resort to military force. Historical roots of Iran-Iraq conflicts. Scope and nature of war risks involved. Iranian leadership. Iraqi decision-making. Saddam Hussein's strategy and mistakes in judgment.
Paper Introduction:
Introduction
The Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88 was the longest conventional war between sovereign states in the 20th century. As a war it was grimly retrograde, consisting for the most part of static, positional infantry warfare, not unlike the Western Front during World War I. The war was launched by Iraq on September 22, 1980, following an Iranian refusal to abandon boundary concessions on the Shatt-al-Arab waterway that Iran had secured in a 1975 treaty (Pelletiere, 1992, p. 34). After two years of fighting on the defensive, Iran went over to the offensive, but made little more progress than Iraq had. Technically the war ended by negotiated settlement; in practice it simply ran down (Pelletiere, 1992, pp. 146-48). The following essay will concentrate on the alternatives faced by each of the rival powers in the 1980 crisis
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IBN SAUD.
Term Paper ID:29201
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Essay Subject:
His leadership achievements.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
7 sources, 17 Citations,
MLA Format
$36.00
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Paper Abstract:
His leadership achievements. How Ibn Saud's efforts created modern Saudi Arabia. Model of charismatic leadership. Roots of Saudi Arabia. Ottoman rule. Ibn Saud's conquests as a tribal warrior. Growth of his power. Alliances. Moral crisis of Arabian peninsula. His forging harmony within his extended family. Institutionalization of leadership.
Paper Introduction:
THE EVOLVING LEADERSHIP OF IBN SAUD
From Tribal Warrior to King of Saudi Arabia
CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP IN THE CAREER OF IBN SAUD
Statement of Purpose
The following discussion will consider Max Weber's concept of charismatic authority in its relation to the alternatives of traditional and rational-legal authority, and then consider the role that each of these concepts played in the career of Ibn-Saud, the founding leader of Saudi Arabia.
All effective political systems (and many other institutions) depend largely on authority: that is, some broad acceptance by those within a system that that its leadership has not only the power but the right to make certain demands of them.
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MUSLIM CHALLENGES IN POST-MODERNIST WORLD.
Term Paper ID:29008
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Essay Subject:
Examines impact of globalization.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
7 sources, 11 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$32.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines impact of globalization. Dominance of international market by American capitalism. Conflict between Muslim conceptions and concepts of the U.S. and the West. Issue of identity and whether a society can be both modern and Muslim. Fundamentalist leaders and Western ideology. Issues of economics, gender, the media, terrorism. Challenge of finding common ground.
Paper Introduction:
MUSLIM CHALLENGES IN THE POST-MODERNIST WORLD:
CAN ISLAM GO GLOBAL?
Our world, the adage goes, is shrinking. In the emerging configuration, the trend of “globalization” -- fueled by new technologies and an ethic of free-trade -- continues to connect the nations of the world in unprecedented fashion. All over the planet, globalization is gathering momentum, as individual nations opt to trade in national sovereignty for economic integration into an international market, and individual citizens the world over grow increasingly more exposed to foreign ideas, values, and lifestyles. In this, cultural distinctions are susceptible to aggravation as the world globalizes; integration often leads to homogenization, and many fear that in a globalized world, independent cultures will not be able to withstand the barrage of so many fo
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ROLE OF WOMEN IN SASANIAN IRAN.
Term Paper ID:28901
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Essay Subject:
Impact of religion (Zoroastrianism), limited roles of women. Persian goddesses, Queens.... More...
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13 Pages / 2925 Words
6 sources, 33 Citations,
MLA Format
$52.00
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Paper Abstract:
Impact of religion (Zoroastrianism), limited roles of women. Persian goddesses, Queens.
Paper Introduction:
THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN SASANIAN IRAN
The lives of women in the era of Sasanian Iran were filled with contradictions and paradoxes. As goddesses, they were worshipped and adored -– and they could bestow the power to rule upon a king, but they could not rule themselves. As real-life figures, they were depicted side-by-side with their husband/kings on coin of the realm, but they had no political power of their own. In their day-to-lives, the same sets of laws that protected them in some areas all but held them in bondage in others. What’s more, those very same laws gave them limited financial control and rights of inheritance on the one hand, yet accorded them no higher legal standing than their own children and even slaves on the other. “The disobedience/misconduct of children is … [evaluated] in the same way as the misc
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ISLAM & WOMEN'S RIGHTS.
Term Paper ID:28866
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Essay Subject:
Explains the regulations & attitudes of Islam. Overview of Islam & faminism. Defends the religious beliefs of Islam & how they affect modern women.... More...
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12 Pages / 2700 Words
21 sources, 36 Citations,
MLA Format
$48.00
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Paper Abstract:
Explains the regulations & attitudes of Islam. Overview of Islam & faminism. Defends the religious beliefs of Islam & how they affect modern women.
Paper Introduction:
WOMEN, THE QUR’AN AND ISLAM
Islam is the world's single largest religion. It also may be the most misunderstood, since Islam is not about "fundamental terrorists" claiming to kill and maim and destroy in the name of Islam. Islam may be many things to many people, but the fact remains that, based on its origins in the Seventh Century A.D., it is a faith that practices peace, devotion, and obedience.
"Today there are between 850 million and one billion followers of Muhammad, forming the bulk of the populations of Northern Africa and Western Asia, stretching all the way through India and Pakistan into Malaysia, the East Indies, and the Philippines." (Hitti, p. 412) As communities and neighborhoods of those who believe in the Islamic faith spring up in the West, these people are reminded that “the fact that we are in a
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ECONOMIC MOTIVATIONS OF 1990 IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT.
Term Paper ID:28799
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Essay Subject:
Analysis of a network-based or flow centered society for global power politics. Technocology-driven economics. Also discusses Hong Kong, Silicon Valley, Corporation's historical roots & religious entititites. Terrorism. Naval warfare. Air power.... More...
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47 Pages / 10575 Words
10 sources, 16 Citations,
APA Format
$188.00
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Paper Abstract:
Analysis of a network-based or flow centered society for global power politics. Technocology-driven economics. Also discusses Hong Kong, Silicon Valley, Corporation's historical roots & religious entititites. Terrorism. Naval warfare. Air power.
Paper Introduction:
POWER POLITICS IN A WORLD OF FLOWS
Introduction
When Saddam Hussein dispatched Iraqi troops to invade Kuwait in the late summer of 1990, he acted on a variety of motives. Among these were to assert Iraq's claim to Kuwait as its "nineteenth province," to inhance his domestic standing with a military victory in the wake of the unsuccessful Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s, to inhance his standing in the Arab world by defying the United States (and thus by indirection Israel), and of course the economic motive of siezing control over Kuwaiti oilfields as an addition to Iraq's own oil reserves.
In addition, the Iraqi invasion had a further economic
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HISTORY OF PRE & EARLY ISLAMIC PERIODS.
Term Paper ID:28753
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Essay Subject:
Characteristics. Vying of different religions for converts. Influence of Sasenian Empire. Mohammed.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
6 sources, 9 Citations,
MLA Format
$20.00
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Paper Abstract:
Characteristics. Vying of different religions for converts. Influence of Sasenian Empire. Mohammed.
Paper Introduction:
The history of the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods from around 500 through 700 AD is a history of a Middle East composed of many relatively small agricultural communities, a few large urban areas, nomadic tribes, and marked by warfare between different groups over commerce and territory.
The Byzantine Empire stood at one end of the region. This was the first Christian Empire in the world and was founded by Constantine in 330 A.D. The city of Byzantium was on the European side of the Bosporus and was a worthy city that overlooked both Europe and Asia and thus was fitted to be a power in both. One of the most fertile periods in Byzantine history came during the reign of the Emperor Justinian, which was in the sixth century AD in the pre-Islamic era. Under his leadership, the city grew to greater splendor than had ever been
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ARAFAT, YASSER.
Term Paper ID:28731
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Essay Subject:
Examines life, accomplishments, rise to power of President of Palestine Liberation Organizatioin. His personal strengths & weaknesses; historical circumstances; ongoing struggles in Middle East & MidEast politics.... More...
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20 Pages / 4500 Words
10 sources, 32 Citations,
APA Format
$80.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines life, accomplishments, rise to power of President of Palestine Liberation Organizatioin. His personal strengths & weaknesses; historical circumstances; ongoing struggles in Middle East & MidEast politics.
Paper Introduction:
Introduction
About some people there seems to be no middle ground of opinion: They are considered to be either demons or heroes. It should not be surprising that there is such polarization one way or the other, because indeed some people are so much better or worse than the average person, and as objects for study they are less than fascinating. The presence of excessive amounts of good or evil in a person is not on the face of it that interesting. Far more interesting are those figures from history that polarize opinion both ways, about whom it is alleged that they are both demons and angels, put here on earth to save us all, or destroy us all. Yasser Arafat - president of the Palestinian Authority from 1996 to the present, chair of the Palestine Liberation Organization from 1969 to the present, and a Nobel laureate who has led the Palestinian peopl
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Essay Subject:
Saddam Hussein's regime. Current problems. Gulf War; UN Sanctions, oil-for-food resolution.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
5 sources, 16 Citations,
MLA Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Saddam Hussein's regime. Current problems. Gulf War; UN Sanctions, oil-for-food resolution.
Paper Introduction:
Throughout the twentieth century Iraq's fate has always depended to a large degree on the disposition of other nations, either the dominant Western powers such as Great Britain and the United States or the six nations that surround it. Iraq has always been a nation that perceives itself--usually correctly--as being at the mercy of other countries in many ways. Even internally the significant Kurdish population in the north and the "subordinate majority" of Shi'a Muslims in the south have long resented domination by the Sunni Muslims (Bahgat 40). The current regime, Saddam Hussein and his Baathist Party, have been in power since 1979, tolerating little opposition and proceeding on the assumption that Iraq must fight to protect itself. This led to the devastating war with Iran, which lasted throughout most of the 1980s, and the 1990 invasion of Kuwait which ended
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