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| Essays on SCIENCE: BIOLOGY
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HORSES.
Term Paper ID:30800
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Essay Subject:
Describes the evolutionary development of horses.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
8 sources, 43 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Describes the evolutionary development of horses. Evidence obtained from fossil records that supports the anagenetic view of horse phylogeny as well as cladogenetic pattern. Fossil record as a clasic example of macroevolution. Branching speciation. Support of the view that a gradual microevolutionary process occurred within the species. Focuses on the North American Eocene and Oligocene fossil records.
Paper Introduction:
A Cladogenetic View of the Early Evolutionary History of Horses
Abstract
Drawing upon the theoretical and empirical literature, this report describes the evidence obtained from the fossil record that supports the anagenetic view of the horse phylogeny and its early evolutionary development. The anagenetic perspective advances the notion that a gradual microevolutionary process has occurred within a species. It is also associated with phyletic transformation from ancestral to descendant species. The fossil record for horses presents, in general, a progressive replacement of one genus with another without a strong indication of temporary overlapping. However, the literature also suggests that anagenetic development was dominant within the Eocene and Oligocene, while genetic diversity (branching) suggesting a
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BLACK WIDOW SPIDERS.
Term Paper ID:30687
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Essay Subject:
Examination of the widow spiders as most dangerous to humans in North America.... More...
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11 Pages / 2475 Words
13 sources, 58 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examination of the widow spiders as most dangerous to humans in North America. Spiders as arthopods. Scientific analysis of the species. Webs of black widow. Three types of black widow spiders in the U.S. Description of the Southern, Western and Northern female. The European black widow. Adult male black widow spiders. Mating process. Spider bites.
Paper Introduction:
Spiders are arachnids, a group of arthropods which includes scorpions, harvestmen, mites, and ticks (Akre, Catts and Antonelli, 2001). Spiders have jointed legs and a hard external or outer skeleton. They have four pairs of legs, and the body is divided into two sections, the cephalothorax and the abdomen, whereas insects have six legs and their bodies are divided into three sections, head, thorax and abdomen. Spiders have no wings or antennae, but they do have large, sharply pointed jaws which are their fangs (chelicerae).
All spiders are predators, and they feed on a variety of insects and other soft-bodied invertebrate animals (Akre, Catts and Antonelli, 2001). Spiders attack and subdue their prey by biting them with their fangs and injecting them with poison. All spiders spin silk, but not all of them use it to spin webs. Most spide
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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.
Term Paper ID:30653
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Essay Subject:
Discusses functions of this group of glands.... More...
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4 Pages / 900 Words
4 sources, 7 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses functions of this group of glands. Main function to secrete hormones into the bloodstream. Control of various bodily functions such as growth, glucose control, blood pressure regulation, development of secondary sexual characteristics. Actions of the pituitary gland.;feedback mechanism. Effect of hormones on organs and glands. Examples of feedback control.
Paper Introduction:
The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is a group of glands whose function is to secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream (Berkow, Beers and Fletcher, 1997). Hormones are substances which serve as messengers which control the various functions of the body such as growth and development, glucose control, salt and water regulation, red cell production, bone formation, blood pressure regulation, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and support pregnancy. The major endocrine organs are the pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroids, pancreas, adrenals, testes and ovaries. The hypothalamus secretes several hormones which stimulate the pituitary gland, which then releases certain of its hormones in response. It secretes others which suppress release of pituitary hormones.
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DIFFEENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN.
Term Paper ID:30361
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Essay Subject:
Biological and physical differences and stereotypes that emerge from them.... More...
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3 Pages / 675 Words
3 sources, 14 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Biological and physical differences and stereotypes that emerge from them. Perceived behavior traits of women and men. Societal view. Role of testosterone. How the hormone creates diffeences between the sexes. Biology vs. bias. Societal demands of beauty and the female body. Connection between body ideal and correct attitude or traits.
Paper Introduction:
The Difference Between Men and Women
One of the most obvious differences between men and women is primary and secondary genitalia, but there are other as well. Men are usually larger in stature than women and have more body hair. Men are considered more extroverted, aggressive, physically active, "dense", and sexually oriented than women. Women, on the other hand, are stereotypically seen as "high maintenance", more sensitive, interactive, sensual, and submissive. Although many of these stereotypes hold true for many people, they do not always account for individual differences.
In "The He Hormone" by Andrew Sullivan, the author opens his article by describing the mysterious liquid that he injects, his "He Hormone", which is testosterone. He then goes onto describe how th
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GENE RESEARCH.
Term Paper ID:30116
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Essay Subject:
Scientific description of gene action & gene products.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
3 sources, 2 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Scientific description of gene action & gene products. Describes research studies & methods. Bacterial clones. Phenotypes of genes; post embryonic phenotypes. Types & functions of genes. Genes responsbible for axonal guidance in the developing brain. Experiments & various techniques used by researchers. How genes mediate their effects on an organism.
Paper Introduction:
Fraser et al (2000) used RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) to target approximately 90 percent of the predicted genes on C. elegans chromosome 1 by feeding these worms with a bacterium that expresses double-stranded RNA. RNAi transiently inhibits the activity of a gene by introducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with a sequence specific to the target gene. Feeding these bacteria to the worms makes it possible to produce a library of dsRNA-expressing bacteria that can then be used for high-throughput genome-wide RNAi screens at very low cost. The only drawback to this technique is that RNAi does not efficiently inhibit all genes, so the method will miss some relevant genes.
Using such a library of bacteria which express dsRNA responding to genes on chromosome 1, this group were able to isola
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HERMIT CRABS.
Term Paper ID:30074
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Essay Subject:
Discusses different kinds of Hermit Crabs, their habitats and their characteristics.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
4 sources, 7 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses different kinds of Hermit Crabs, their habitats and their characteristics. Usefullness in research. Series of activities of Hermit Crabs value for research into decision-making. Importance of shells and skill selection behavior. Ability of researchers to observe the assessment procedure of the crabs. Variouis experiments on Hermit Crabs in reference to animal behavior; response to stimuli.
Paper Introduction:
Hermit crabs usually are found in empty gastropod shells, seeking protection from predators, desiccation, and other hermit crabs. The hermit crab does not seem to select a place to stay at random but rather appears to have a selection process. Precisely what this process is and how the crab makes a decision as to what shell to select and what shell to reject is the subject of much research.
Hermit crabs are crustaceans that live in the wild in the western Atlantic. They mate on land near the sea, and once the eggs develop, the female carries the eggs on her abdomen to the sea and leaves them on wet sand or a wet rock for the tide to carry out to sea. There are usually 1,000 to 50,000 eggs at a time. At sea, the crabs are small larvae that molt several times in order to grow to adulthood. At the adult larvae stage,
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TERATOGENS AND PREGNANCY.
Term Paper ID:29992
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Essay Subject:
Scientific discussion of external factors that might affect pregnancy and foster congenital birth defects in newborns.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
13 sources, 23 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Scientific discussion of external factors that might affect pregnancy and foster congenital birth defects in newborns. Prenatal development. Effect of pharmaceuticals, legal chemical substances, alcohol, narcotics & tobacco use by women on pregnancy. Effect of absence of essential nutrients such as Zinc. Cites several other causes of congenital birth defects. Variables. Problem of serious diseases of pregnant women & necessary drugs.
Paper Introduction:
This research examines the phenomenon of teratogens, or factors external to the physical experience of pregnancy, during the period of gestation, which may affect pregnancy outcomes by fostering congenital birth defects in newborns. The research will set forth the clinical context in which teratogenic agents achieve relevance for the course of pregnancy in the modern period, and then discuss the impact that concern about teratogens may have on efficient and prudent pregnancy management.
On the face of things, the generally accepted definition of a teratogen would appear to be straightforwardly informative. Mosby's initially defines a teratogen as "any substance, agent, or process that interferes with normal prenatal development, causing the formation of one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus" (Teratogen, 1998, p. 89). However, amplification of the d
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LANGUAGE AND THE HUMAN BRAIN.
Term Paper ID:29847
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Essay Subject:
Evolvement of human speech.... More...
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14 Pages / 3150 Words
25 sources, 62 Citations,
MLA Format
$56.00
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Paper Abstract:
Evolvement of human speech. Examines several theories regarding co-evolution of the brain and language. Argument of linguists that language cannot evolve out of an animal communication system. Noam Chomsky's Innateness theory; natural selection and adaptations. Language as an innate part of being human. Climate theories. Darwin. Neurophysiologist research.
Paper Introduction:
CO-EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN BRAIN AND LANGUAGE: A DISCUSSION OF HOW NATURAL SELECTION MAY HAVE EFFECTED BOTH THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES THAT BROUGHT ABOUT LANGUAGE AND SPEECH
Introduction
During the Middle Ages, scholars accounted for human thought and speech by assigning a central part of the brain as the area where the “straw of raw sensory input got turned into the gold of thought” (Gutin 86). This is where the picture of the steeple and sound of the bell combined to mean “church” in the human brain. These scholars assumed that this area, which they called the common sensorium (where we get the term “common sense”)(86), was the sole property of humans -- an idea that has persisted for centuries.
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LEAF-CUTTING ANTS.
Term Paper ID:29212
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Essay Subject:
Scientific description of problem caused to agriculture.... More...
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13 Pages / 2925 Words
5 sources, 14 Citations,
APA Format
$52.00
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Paper Abstract:
Scientific description of problem caused to agriculture. Ants' ability to quickly strip entire orchards of leaves. Fungal gardens of ants. Usefulness of leaf-cutting ants. Proposes an experiment to examine fungal parasites for their ability to resist streptomycin. Methodology. Expected results. Purpose of providing a safe, biological form of pest control.
Paper Introduction:
Abstract
Leaf-cutting ants (Formicidae: Attini) are capable of devouring enormous amounts of vegetation - about 20 percent of the fresh-leaf biomass in the Neotropics. This makes agriculture of non-native plants which have not evolved a form of protection against predation by the ants, such as fruit trees from California or Africa, impossible in the areas where these ants prevail. The ants use this vegetation to feed fungal mutualists on which they themselves feed. The fungal mutualists= gardens are infected with a parasitic microfungus Escovopsis (Ascomycota: anamorphic Hypocreales), which is highly virulent and has the potential to rapidly devastate the garden. It is prevented from doing so by a third mutualist, an actinomycete (filamentous bacterium) of the genus Streptomyces, which produces an antibiotic
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CHROMOSOMAL SEX DETERMINATION & HUMAN Y CHROMOSONE.
Term Paper ID:28997
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Essay Subject:
Scientific discussion of genetic material of & Chromosone.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
23 sources, 27 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Scientific discussion of genetic material of Y Chromosone. Research on human genetics. Concept of sexual selection. Male & female traits. Genes on the Y Chromosone. & their crucial role. Implications of mechanisims of chromosomal sex determination.
Paper Introduction:
Review of Functional Coherence of the Human Y Chromosome
Introduction
In the current rush to map the human genome it is sometimes easy to assume that the modern science of genetics understands all there is to know concerning the functions of the human Y chromosome. This is far from reality. Because there has been such tremendous effort for an extended period of time on molecular biology, i.e.; research into AIDS, cancer, and auto immune diseases, certain aspects of human genetics have been under explored. This no longer is the case. The article by Lahn and Page make some salient points:
the wasteland model of Y chromosome content was based largely on anectodotal evidence (Lahn and Page, 1997, p 676);
at
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NITRIC OXCIDE.
Term Paper ID:28792
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Essay Subject:
Technical discussion of the discovery of how nitric oxide acts in the human body. Its value in treating cardiovascular disease.... More...
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12 Pages / 2700 Words
13 sources, 14 Citations,
APA Format
$48.00
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Paper Abstract:
Technical discussion of the discovery of how nitric oxide acts in the human body. Its value in treating cardiovascular disease.
Paper Introduction:
In 1998, three American scientists were awarded the Nobel prize for Physiology and Medicine for their discovery that nitric oxide, a common gas in air pollution, transmits signals within the human body (Maugh, 1998). The discovery was hailed as one of the most important in the history of cardiovascular medicine, and was predicted to lead the way to treating high blood pressure and heart attacks. It led to the development of Viagra, to a new treatment for newborns with dangerously high blood pressure in their lungs, and to drugs for the treatment of shock.
The signaling function of nitric oxide influences virtually every organ system in the body. The discovery that nitric acid produced by one cell could alter the function of other cells is an entirely new principle for signaling in biological systems. Previ
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HUMAN BRAIN.
Term Paper ID:28715
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Essay Subject:
Examines structure & function of brain; neuroscience. Cites research studies. Argues that brain is not a digital computer.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
14 sources, 14 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Examines structure & function of brain; neuroscience. Cites research studies. Argues that brain is not a digital computer.
Paper Introduction:
This research examines the structure and function of the human brain. The plan of the research will be to set forth varieties of research and opinion regarding how the brain works and then to discuss the hypothesis that the brain is a digital computer, with a view toward demonstrating that such a hypothesis cannot be sustained.
Beginning in the 1980s, electronics and computer-imaging technicians succeeded in developing technology that could produce a 3-D digitized image of the surface of the human brain. It had long been known that brain function entails organization of neurons and metabolism, which entails measurable electrochemical action (Hibbard & Others, 1987). For example, specific neurotransmitter receptor sites for dopamine were identified with the help of radiography (Altar & Others, 1985). Because radio
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WALLACE, ALFRED RUSSELL.
Term Paper ID:28658
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Essay Subject:
Life & views of 19th Century biologist. His support of Darwin's theory of natural selection.... More...
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4 Pages / 900 Words
5 sources, 7 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Life & views of 19th Century biologist. His support of Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Paper Introduction:
Alfred Russell Wallace was a leading biologist in the nineteenth century and worked on writings with Charles Darwin. He was indeed one of Darwin's major supporters, in opposition to the alternative point of view embodied in Thomas Huxley and others. Wallace has not remained as well known as these other players in the controversy of the time, though he was extremely important in the development and dissemination of Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Alfred Russell Wallace was born in the village of Usk in Monmouthshire, England in 1823. His father died when Alfred was still young, and not long after that, formal schooling ended for the boy. He then joined his brother, William, in surveying a number of English counties, a task that extended over the next four years, an experience that taught him how to make accurate
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GREAT WHITE SHARK.
Term Paper ID:28584
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Essay Subject:
Discusses misconceptions of dangers of the great white, rarity of attacks on humans. Description of shark. Outline.... More...
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4 Pages / 900 Words
3 sources, 7 Citations,
MLA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses misconceptions of dangers of the great white, rarity of attacks on humans. Description of shark. Outline.
Paper Introduction:
OUTLINE
Introduction: “Jaws”
-Shark attacks are exaggerated by the media.
-most commonly held opinions of sharks are false.
-very little is known about sharks.
Body Section 1: Misconceptions.
-sharks like to eat people.
-sharks like to attack boats.
-sharks kill their human victims.
-sharks are up to forty feet long.
III. Body Section 2: Truths/Corrections.
-sharks usually attack people by accident.
-sharks investigate boats because their sensory perception prompts them to investigate.
-most shark attack victi
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ANIMAL RIGHTS.
Term Paper ID:28133
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Essay Subject:
Discusses practical & moral aspects, lab testing, experimentation, fujr trade & trophjy hunting.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
8 sources, 18 Citations,
MLA Format
$36.00
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses practical & moral aspects, lab testing, experimentation, fujr trade & trophjy hunting.
Paper Introduction:
ANIMAL RIGHTS: THE EVOLUTION OF MORALITY
As human beings, we are masters of our domain. We are the undisputed occupiers of the top rung of the food chain. In this, we have the burden of choice. We must decide where we will be merciful and where we will be ruthless, where we will defend and where we will persecute, where we will commit our attention and where we will be ignorant. We contend that reason and necessity govern our behavior. We believe, at least individually, that we are compassionate beings. And yet today, we are collectively ruthless, we collectively persecute, and we are collectively ignorant regarding those beings which are weaker than we: we are the cruel overlords of the animal kingdom.
At present, on an average day in the United States, 130,000 cattle, 7,000 calves, 360,000 pigs, and 24 million chickens are killed(Willia
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BIOETHICS.
Term Paper ID:28125
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Essay Subject:
Examines policy questions & clinical decisions; research & applications; genetic engineering; recombenant drugs; cloning. Debate over technology.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
8 sources, 9 Citations,
APA Format
$28.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines policy questions & clinical decisions; research & applications; genetic engineering; recombenant drugs; cloning. Debate over technology.
Paper Introduction:
Bioethics is the examination of policy questions and clinical decisions that have to be made because of advances in medical and other biotechnologies. It represents an attempt to decide what values ought to guide the practice, application, and development of biotechnological techniques, processes, and products in agriculture, health care, food processing and distribution, waste management, chemical and other engineering fields and endeavors. In health care and medical practice alone, a number of controversial issues in this larger context have been identified: abortion of defective fetuses, termination of heroic measures that will prolong life, removal of life support and other systems that also prolong life, surgical and other interventions in the case of severely damaged infants and others, allowing individuals to determine the span of their own
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NEURAL STEM CELL.
Term Paper ID:26912
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Essay Subject:
Summary & critique of article "Identification of a Neural Stem Cell in the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System," by C.B. Johansson, et al.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
1 sources, 1 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Summary & critique of article "Identification of a Neural Stem Cell in the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System," by C.B. Johansson, et al.
Paper Introduction:
IDENTIFICATION OF A NEURAL STEM CELL IN THE ADULT MAMMALIAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: AN ARTICLE SUMMARY & CRITIQUE
Introduction
The article “Identification of a Neural Stem Cell in the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System” (Johansson, Clarke, & Lendhal, 1999) is summarized and critiqued. Future applications of the findings reported in the article also are addressed.
Summary of Article
The researchers observed that, while new neurons are added to mammalian central nervous systems and the these new neurons are added in specific regions of the central nervous system, the source of these new neurons has remained somewhat of a mystery. One primary objective of the research, the results of wh
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HUMAN & PRIMATE CULTURE.
Term Paper ID:26753
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Essay Subject:
Examines questions & problems involved in determining if humans alone have a "culture" or if primates do as well.... More...
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3 Pages / 675 Words
2 sources, 8 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines questions & problems involved in determining if humans alone have a "culture" or if primates do as well.
Paper Introduction:
THE STUDY OF CULTURE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF DEFINITIONS
Introduction
There is currently a great debate over the nature of culture, and by extension, whether aspects of behavior shown by nonhuman primates can be called evidence of culture. There are two basic schools of thought on the topic. One group argues that culture is by definition human,, while a second group believes that examples of social learning by apes and monkeys are proof of distinct simian cultures. The gulf between these two camps is caused by problematic definitions. Definitions are crucial to language and reasoning, but also to science (Babbie, 1986, p. 93). The debate over ape culture will not be resolved until a unified definition of culture is accepted within the scientific community.
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GIRAFFES.
Term Paper ID:26273
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Essay Subject:
Behavior, habitat, herds, sexuality, birthing, social & mother-newborn relationships.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
5 sources, 24 Citations,
APA Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Behavior, habitat, herds, sexuality, birthing, social & mother-newborn relationships.
Paper Introduction:
Giraffes, (biological name Giraffa camelopardalis), are the tallest animals on earth. Males grow up to 18 feet in height, females to about 14 feet. An adult giraffe weighs about 1,800 pounds. They live in the subsaharan grasslands of Africa. This paper will look at the mating customs and strategies, reproduction, and the parental and alloparental rearing of the offspring of giraffes.
Giraffes are individualistic in nature, and do not form cohesive herds or stable family units. Individuals wander from herd to herd, and herds take on a different makeup at different times. Changes occur daily in some herds as giraffes leave one group to join another. Herds may be made up of either females and their young of both sexes, young and mature males, a mixed group of males and females, or a family unit of a mature bull
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CELL DIVISION.
Term Paper ID:25973
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Essay Subject:
Overview of cell growth & division & examination of process in organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Abstract.... More...
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11 Pages / 2475 Words
6 sources, 7 Citations,
APA Format
$44.00
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Paper Abstract:
Overview of cell growth & division & examination of process in organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Abstract.
Paper Introduction:
Abstract
After providing an overview of the process of cell growth and division, this paper examines cell division in the organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recent research on this organism is reviewed to examine some of the conclusions about the interactions between cell growth and division and the presence of various single and double mutant forms. Such a careful study of cell growth and reproduction in unicellular organisms such as S. cerevisiae has implications for human oncological research.
Introduction
This paper examines the cell division cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the common brewer's yeast that has long been used as an organis
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ENZYMES.
Term Paper ID:25750
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Essay Subject:
Definition, functions, velocity plots, derivation assumptions, mechanisms, inhibitors, biosynthesis.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
2 sources, 13 Citations,
MLA Format
$40.00
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Paper Abstract:
Definition, functions, velocity plots, derivation assumptions, mechanisms, inhibitors, biosynthesis.
Paper Introduction:
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THE ELBOW.
Term Paper ID:25112
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Essay Subject:
Examines structure of arm joint, functions, movements, bones, stability, muscles, compression.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
5 sources, 14 Citations,
Format
$20.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines structure of arm joint, functions, movements, bones, stability, muscles, compression.
Paper Introduction:
The elbow is a hinge joint that joins the upper arm with the forearm. It is the second link in a mechanical chain of levers that begins at the shoulder and ends at the fingertips The motion of the elbow allows the height and length of the upper extremity to be adjusted, and forearm motion allows the hand to be placed in the most effective position for function. This paper will look at the structure of the elbow and how it functions in various movements, such as the bench press.
The elbow is part of a kinematic chain of joints which runs from the thoracic wall to the fingertips (Smith, Weiss & Lehmkuhl, 1996, pp. 9-10). In this chain, 19 degrees of freedom in planar motions can be identified. This freedom of motion constitutes the mechanical basis for performances of skilled manual activities and the versatility of the upper extremity.
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PLATYPUS.
Term Paper ID:25052
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Essay Subject:
Mating, grooming, sleep & dreams, electrodetection, burrows, feeding, incubation, more.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
12 sources, 40 Citations,
APA Format
$36.00
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Paper Abstract:
Mating, grooming, sleep & dreams, electrodetection, burrows, feeding, incubation, more.
Paper Introduction:
The platypus spends a great deal of time - “most of [its] life,” according to Gould (1985, 14) - in the water, swimming, playing, and, principally, foraging for food. Adults can spend up to 12 or 14 hours continuously feeding, especially during breeding seasons (Fleay, 1944). During winter, their diets consist of various fly larvae, horsehair worms, and freshwater shrimp; in summer, shrimp and worms are replaced by still other types of fly larvae (Grant, 1989). The enormous amounts of food consumed by adult platypus have been a source of encumbrance in maintaining them in captivity: Fleay’s Jill, weighing 2 lbs herself, was observed to consume 1.75 lbs of food in a single day (1944).
The platypus temperament presents a challenge to researchers hoping to study their habits. Platypus do not easily survive captu
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"HOT ZONE, THE" (RICHARD PRESTON).
Term Paper ID:24887
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Essay Subject:
Reviews work on history of filoviruses & outbreak of [Ebola] virus at primate facility in 1989 in Washington, D.C.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
1 sources, 6 Citations,
MLA Format
$20.00
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Paper Abstract:
Reviews work on history of filoviruses & outbreak of [Ebola] virus at primate facility in 1989 in Washington, D.C.
Paper Introduction:
“The Hot Zone,” by Richard Preston, outlines the history of the three filoviruses: Marburg, Ebola Sudan, and Ebola Zaire. The account consists of scientific information about the viruses, portrayals of the earliest victims, and descriptions of the medical procedures used to counteract the viruses. The bulk of the book deals with the outbreak of what appeared to be Ebola Zaire at a primate facility on the outskirts of Washington, D.C., and the actions undertaken by the United States Army to contain the situation.
Early in 1980, a Frenchman living alone near Mount Elgon in western Kenya traveled to Kitum Cave; seven days later, he became extremely ill. By the time he arrived at Nairobi Hospital, his internal organs had become obstructed with blood clots, and his brain had begun to “liquefy,” eradicating his personality (14).
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BETA CAROTENE.
Term Paper ID:24884
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Essay Subject:
Structure, chemistry, biological activity, focusing on antioxidant & anti-carcinogenic properties in animal systems.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
25 sources, 26 Citations,
OTHER Format
$28.00
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Paper Abstract:
Structure, chemistry, biological activity, focusing on antioxidant & anti-carcinogenic properties in animal systems.
Paper Introduction:
Beta Carotene
The carotenoids as a group, and specifically the beta carotenes, are known to serve a variety of functions in living cells. Presented here is an overview of the structure, chemistry, and biological activity of beta carotene, with emphasis on its capacity as an antioxidant and anti-carcinogen in animal systems.
Beta carotene is a member of a class of pigments called carotenoids, which occur naturally in plants and are found as well in animals. A precursor of vitamin A, also called provitamin A, it is found as an orange-red pigment in terrestrial plants, algae and some marine mammals. After purification, it appears as ruby-red crystals, easily oxidized on contact with air, with MP 184 degrees, MW 536.44. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, soluble in chloroform, carbon disulfide, ether and benzene. Its pla
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FISH IN POLAR OCEANS.
Term Paper ID:24742
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Essay Subject:
Examines conditions conducive for exploitation of cold oceans by fish, adaptations, dangers, growth rates, protein synthesis, migration, genetics.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
16 sources, 27 Citations,
OTHER Format
$32.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines conditions conducive for exploitation of cold oceans by fish, adaptations, dangers, growth rates, protein synthesis, migration, genetics.
Paper Introduction:
Despite the extreme harshness of the environment, there are many reasons for marine fish to attempt exploitation of polar and sub-polar oceans. In addition to the relative greater availability of oxygen in cold water (15), there are rich food supplies, making expansion into these regions a potentially good strategy at the evolutionary level. In order to survive and thrive in such a habitat, polar fish have evolved physiological, biochemical and behavioral compensatory mechanisms to minimize the effects of exposure to the frigid waters. The mechanisms examined here not only allow these fish to exploit a rich habitat but also enhance their ability to expand their populations even further in the polar oceanic realms.
The low ambient water temperature seen in the oceans of polar regions profoundly impacts the marine life which is exposed
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ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT OF KNEE JOINT.
Term Paper ID:24684
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Essay Subject:
Anatomy, structure, physiology, function, biomechanics, diagnostic & stability tests, injury & treatment.... More...
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30 Pages / 6750 Words
25 sources, 71 Citations,
OTHER Format
$120.00
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Paper Abstract:
Anatomy, structure, physiology, function, biomechanics, diagnostic & stability tests, injury & treatment.
Paper Introduction:
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT OF THE KNEE JOINT
Introduction
This research paper presents information regarding the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint. Discussion includes anatomy of the knee joint and the ACL, and ACL structure, physiology, function and biomechanics, clinical diagnostic tests and technological diagnosis, and mechanisms of injury and treatment. A comparison of acute ACL stability tests includes the anterior drawer test, Lachman's test, and pivot shift test.
Anatomy & Structure
The anatomy of the knee includes the patellar ligament, patella, articular cartilage, posterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, lateral
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YELLOW BABOON.
Term Paper ID:24557
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Essay Subject:
Description, behavior, habitat, diet, social structure, mating aggression, predation.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
5 sources, 12 Citations,
MLA Format
$28.00
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Paper Abstract:
Description, behavior, habitat, diet, social structure, mating aggression, predation.
Paper Introduction:
Naturalists seek to observe animals in their natural habitat and so to learn the adaptive capabilities of different creatures. Primatologists observe the behavior of primates to see both how these animals adapt and to derive some idea of how the human being adapts as well. The Yellow Baboon--papio cynocephalus cynocephalus--has been observed by several different researchers and naturalists in recent years, and different idea about their behavior have bene offered in the literature as a result.
The Yellow Baboon is also known as the Savanna Baboon, or rather it is a subspecies of the Savanna Baboon, along with the olive Baboon, the Guinea Baboon, and the Chacma Baboon. The Yellow Baboon is a large monkey with a head like a dog, which is where the name cynocephalus is derived from "cyno" for dog and "cephalus" for head. The male weighs between 59 and 97 pounds,
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GROWTH HORMONES.
Term Paper ID:24511
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Essay Subject:
Analyzes research into technical effects of hormones on skeletal muscle cells of animals.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
3 sources, 6 Citations,
APA Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Analyzes research into technical effects of hormones on skeletal muscle cells of animals.
Paper Introduction:
GROWTH HORMONES/FACTORS & MUSCLE CELLS
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contains cells that are critical for growth and regeneration of the muscle; this is of particular importance after injury. Growth hormones and growth factors are studied for their effects on skeletal muscle satellite cells. Different studies demonstrate mediated aspects and combined effects. Findings show that GH and IGF-I affect satellite cell proliferation and FGF signals are mediated through several alternatively spliced variants of FGFR1.
Introduction
Skeletal muscle contains myogenic precursor cells that are critical for muscle growth and regeneration. Growth hormone (GH) has been shown to play a role in the promotion of growth of
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ANIMAL COMMUNICATIONS.
Term Paper ID:24415
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Essay Subject:
Examines research into the ability of animals (monkeys, chickens, deer, parrots, apes) to have, develop & transmit thoughts & feelings through sounds.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
8 sources, 20 Citations,
APA Format
$32.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines research into the ability of animals (monkeys, chickens, deer, parrots, apes) to have, develop & transmit thoughts & feelings through sounds.
Paper Introduction:
Studies of the behavior of social animals have led many scientists to believe that all such animals may be using sophisticated systems of communication that are not yet recognized for what they are. Although animals cannot use language in the human sense, a variety of animals are capable of using sounds, signals, or explicit behavior to exchange information about objects in their natural environment. Scientists are moving closer to accepting the fact that animals communicate with their own species, with other species, and even with human beings.
The simple view of animal communication is that these creatures merely convey evidence of physiological states that are not under their control. For instance, the human action of blinking an eye is different from the human action of winking an
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